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Planning a visit to Alexandria, Egypt gives you a taste of old history, Mediterranean style and thriving local communities. Since pyramids aren’t found here, Alexandria is a different experience than the other places, thanks to its culture and coastal attractions. A guide filled with highlights and insights on the best things to see and do in Alexandria is coming up. Start your morning by the sea Try breakfast at one of Alexandria’s many GAD locations for authentic Egyptian dishes like falafel, foul, and fresh bread. While not all branches are by the water, you can enjoy a hearty, local start to your day. Reach there early to choose a table by the water and eat freshly baked Egyptian bread, falafel, foul and other typical dishes for breakfast. Walking is a great way to relax and get ready for what lies ahead. Take a scenic walk along the Corniche You can find Alexandria’s Corniche right on the sea, enjoying amazing sights of the Mediterranean. You’ll find that Alexandria’s air is much cleaner and the place is more laid back than in Cairo. The beaches make the perfect spot for jogging or walking and you’ll immediately sense a calm atmosphere and refreshing sea breeze. Visit Montaza palace and gardens You should make sure to see the Montaza Palace complex. The huge area is home to royal palaces, flowery gardens and paths between trees, reminiscent of a forest in Egyptian terms. Photos, picnics and walks are perfect activities for this weather. Because its peaceful gardens and sea views make Montaza one of the most beautiful places to relax in Alexandria. Try the freshest seafood by the harbor When spending time in Alexandria, you ought to enjoy its famous seafood. If fish, shrimp or calamari is what you’re craving, head to one of the many local favorites by the harbor in Bahary or Stanley — such as the popular Fish Market or Ibn Hamido — known for their fresh catches and coastal views. Explore downtown Mansheya and Raml station Make time to stroll around Mansheya and Raml Station in Downtown Alexandria, as there you’ll spot historical sites, attractive leather items and delightful small shops. Pay a visit to Zan’et El Setat which is a traditional market for women, but remember to speak a little Arabic if you’d like to get the full experience. Visit the Citadel of Qaitbay The Citadel of Qaitbay was built at the place where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria once stood and it now gives visitors impressive views of the Mediterranean Sea. History fans must visit this place and the shops have plenty of nice souvenirs and beautiful photos. Discover the bibliotheca Alexandrina Bibliotheca Alexandrina ranks among the most impressive modern libraries in the world, with a mission to revive the spirit of the ancient Library of Alexandria. Step back in time at the Roman amphitheatre The Roman Theatre in Kom El-Dikka is one of the last remaining Roman ruins in Egypt. This archaeological site includes mosaic floors, Roman baths, and lecture halls, offering a window into the city’s ancient past. Enjoy local ice cream in Bahary Alexandria locals swear by the simple but tasty ice cream cones from Nezamy or Al-Sheikh Wafik in the Bahary district. It’s a nostalgic and delicious treat — far better than any chain-brand dessert shop. Experience Alexandria’s nightlife While not as vibrant as Cairo or Sharm El-Sheikh, Alexandria’s nightlife offers a few cozy pubs and sea-view spots where locals and expats unwind. Options include: Club 35 (Hilton Montaza) The Pint Pub (Romance Hotel) Calithea Pub (Raml Station) Club House at Bianki – a villa-turned-club by the sea (go with a local!) Final tips Visit in winter for the best experience. The weather is cool, the crowds are fewer, and the Mediterranean views are at their most serene. Whether you’re into history, food, or simply a peaceful coastal vibe, Alexandria has plenty to offer.

Alexandria in Egypt does not have any ancient pyramids. It’s important to note that the Great Pyramid of Giza, located near Cairo about 220 kilometers south of Alexandria, is not part of Alexandria’s historical landmarks. At the same time, Alexandria offers many historical and cultural attractions that express its unique cultural heritage. Alexandria’s architectural landscape Being built in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great, Alexandria quickly grew into a principal city of Greek culture. Although the ancient Egyptian cities were known for their pyramids, Alexandria’s architecture was mainly Greek and Roman. Many people associate the city with its rich Greco-Roman history which is found in the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa and the Roman Amphitheatre at Kom El Dikka. The bibliotheca Alexandrina: The "Fourth Pyramid" There have never been traditional ancient pyramids in Alexandria, but many compare the new Bibliotheca Alexandrina to the “Fourth Pyramid” of Egypt. In 2002, the building was created to pay tribute to the ancient Library of Alexandria, one of the biggest libraries of the old world. While not an actual pyramid, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina is sometimes poetically referred to as the “Fourth Pyramid” due to its monumental cultural significance and innovative design that connects past, present, and future knowledge. Nearby Pyramids: Giza and Beyond To admire ancient Egyptian pyramids, it is best to visit the Giza Pyramid Complex which is in the vicinity of Cairo. All of the UNESCO sites included here are the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure. One more important spot is the Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara which is thought to be the first major stone building in Egypt. Many people visit these places by choosing an organized tour or doing a 2-3-hour drive from Alexandria. Alexandria's unique historical significance Even without pyramids, Alexandria is significant in the history of Egypt. Deemed a created wonder, the Lighthouse of Alexandria stood next to the first Library of Alexandria which were crucial spots for education and study. Tourists have the option to see the Citadel of Qaitbay at the ancient lighthouse site and check out the Bibliotheca Alexandrina which upholds the traditions of the original library. Conclusion Even though Alexandria has no ancient pyramids, it still includes many attractions that reflect its heritage and culture. The city, from its modern library to its historic Greek and Roman sites, tells the story of how many cultures have merged to affect it. Witnessing Egypt’s famous pyramids can be done in the Cairo area which also offers exciting attractions along with the experiences of Alexandria.

When you consider the prices, Alexandria, Egypt is affordable, especially more than many places in the West. Still, being cheap with travel largely depends on your personal needs, expectations and expenditure. Here is a clear and accurate estimation of the costs in Alexandria. Cost of living in Alexandria Housing Housing in Alexandria is relatively low-cost, but varies depending on location and quality. The price of a 1-bedroom apartment in downtown Alexandria is usually between $200 and $400 each month, depending on the location and condition. Apartments in less central areas can cost under $200, though quality and availability vary significantly. An apartment with two bedrooms in a good neighborhood might cost you around $300 to $350 each month. While Alexandria is generally affordable, its cost of living can be similar to or even higher than mid-tier neighborhoods in Cairo—especially in premium coastal districts like Roushdy or San Stefano. Meanwhile, some suburban areas of Cairo, such as 6th of October or Nasr City, may offer lower housing costs for comparable units. To put things in perspective, the average monthly income for many Egyptians working in service or clerical jobs ranges from $150 to $300. This makes affordability a relative term—while certain prices seem low to foreigners, they may still be significant for local residents. Food & Groceries Alexandria offers affordable food options, especially if you shop at local markets or eat at local restaurants: A meal at a local eatery: $2 to $5 Fast food (e.g., Big Mac meal): $5 to $6 A bottle of water: $0.25 Weekly groceries from local markets: $15 to $30, depending on diet Imported or Western goods are more expensive, so your grocery bill could rise if you prefer international brands. Transportation Public transportation in Alexandria is very cheap but may be difficult to navigate for newcomers: Public transport (bus or tram): ~$0.25 per ride Taxi base fare: ~$0.70 to $1, then around $0.50 per km Ride-sharing services (like Uber/Careem) are available and affordable. Utilities Residents pay for utilities such as electricity, water, gas, and garbage collection monthly. Costs typically range from $50 to $100, though electricity bills can exceed this during the hot summer months due to air conditioning use. Many Alexandrians say they pay more for electricity than do residents in Cairo as summer months bring extra expenses for AC. Healthcare Medical care for the public is both available and affordable. Paying for private healthcare costs more and gives you a higher-quality service. A simple appointment is usually between $10 and $30, while additional treatments might cost more. Lifestyle & Extras Entertainment Entertainment is reasonably priced: Cinema ticket: around $5 Dining out at mid-range restaurants: ~$10–15 per person Western Lifestyle Costs If you rely heavily on imported goods or luxury services, the cost of living will rise. Western food products, alcohol (where available), and electronics are often marked up significantly. Estimated monthly budget for a single person in Alexandria (USD) Expense category Estimated cost Rent (1-bedroom, mid-range) $250–350 Groceries (local markets) $80–120 Transportation (mix of taxi & public) $30–50 Utilities (electricity, gas, water) $60–100 Internet & Phone $20–30 Healthcare (occasional) $20–40 Dining out & entertainment $50–100 Total (approximate) $510–790 Note: Costs vary depending on lifestyle, location, and reliance on imported goods. Conclusion: Is it cheap? If you live modestly, use local services, and shop locally, Alexandria can be very affordable. However, it is not necessarily cheaper than Cairo — and in some aspects (like rent in good areas or electricity bills), it may even cost more.

This phrase means that the development of Egyptian culture was closely tied to the Nile River. Their history, the way their land is set up and their culture have woven together Egypt and the Nile to the point where Egypt’s greatness would not have been possible without the river—though its rise as a civilization also depended on social organization, innovation, and religious identity. Here, you'll find out the precise reason this statement is so well known. The Nile gave birth to Egyptian civilization The ancient Egyptian civilization started and thrived riverside the Nile. Because of the nearby desert in the Upper Nile Valley, the local area provided the only fertile land available for people, farms and a great kingdom. Without the Nile, Egypt would be nothing more than arid desert, as the surrounding Sahara offers no support for sustained civilization. Fertile land and annual flooding Beginning in July, the Nile’s annual flooding reached its peak in August and receded by late September, covering the land with nutrient-rich silt. This rich black soil (known as kemet), deposited after the floodwaters receded, was excellent for growing crops like barley and vegetables. Egypt itself was often called the “Gift of the Nile”. Thanks to agriculture, the Egyptians had enough to eat, their numbers grew and they formed a regular society. For the ancient Egyptians, the god Hapi was associated with their floods, as he was prayed to for a good harvest. The Nile was considered more than a river; it was considered divine by ancient Egyptians. A natural highway As well as agriculture, the Nile was important for the movement of people and goods. The river was used by boats to move people, resources and products up and down its banks. Thanks to the river, Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower regions, remained in contact with people who lived far from its cities and was able to do business with African and Mediterranean cultures. A lifeline then and now The Nile is still at the heart of life in Egypt. The largest cities in Egypt, Cairo and Giza, are both right beside the Nile. The Nile helps support drinking water, irrigation and sanitation for nearly all Egyptians, who still make their homes near its banks. Cultural and historical identity In terms of religion, money and power, the Nile was vital to identity for the Egyptians. The river was surrounded by many temples, monuments and cities. The constant need to restore flood-damaged land boundaries led later Egyptians to develop tools such as geometry. As a result, Egypt is completely tied to the Nile through history, showing how much it relies on the river. By contrast, “the Nile is Egypt” means that no other place has been so profoundly formed by just one river. Conclusion While Egypt is not just the Nile and the Nile isn’t the only part of Egypt, the phrase points to history: the Nile supported the creation, growth, culture and survival of the Egyptians. If it didn’t exist, none of today’s or ancient Egypt would have ever been created. That is the reason we often say Egypt is the Nile and the Nile is Egypt.

Egypt’s culture and traditions are guided by religion, history and the customs of many regions. No matter if you plan to stay just a short time or longer, being aware of local taboos helps you avoid hurting anyone by mistake. There are several taboos that are very important in Egyptian society. Public displays of affection Kissing or hugging someone of the other gender in public places is thought by most to be improper. While it is generally fine to walk holding hands in Cairo, openly kissing and cuddling is considered very inappropriate, especially in the country’s rural areas and among traditional leaders. Women’s dress and behavior In Egypt, being modest is something very important. Despite women in cities often choosing jeans and short-sleeved tops, wearing shorts, mini skirts, or revealing clothing is generally frowned upon in public—though this varies by region. In coastal resort areas like Hurghada or Sharm El Sheikh, such outfits are more widely accepted among tourists and locals working in tourism. In some places, people might react very negatively if they see a woman smoking or drinking in public. Talking about sex or LGBTQ+ topics In most places, speaking about sex or LGBTQ+ rights is considered off-limits in public or with people you don’t know well. While Egypt does not have laws that explicitly criminalize LGBTQ+ identity, there are no legal protections either. In some cases, individuals have been prosecuted under vague morality or public decency laws, making this a highly sensitive topic both socially and legally. Even though it’s possible for some Egyptians to talk about these things in private, it’s important to avoid them unless you can sense your audience is ready. The conservative population often finds it offensive or shameful to even mention these subjects. Photography without permission Ask for consent before you take someone’s picture, paying particular attention to taking portraits of women, children or religious landmarks. You are not allowed to photograph military or government buildings and doing so could have legal ramifications. Eating and drinking during Ramadan For the month of Ramadan, Muslims refrain from eating or drinking from the first light of day until sunset. Anyone not fasting should not eat, drink or smoke in public during the daytime. For the first part of the day, many places will be shut, so eat discreetly in private if you're not fasting, to show respect. Using the left hand Egyptian tradition sees the left hand as unclean because it is used for cleansing the body. Whenever you have food, pass something or greet someone, use your right hand. Criticizing religion or government Both their religion and how they feel about their country are serious matters to Egyptians. Don’t make negative comments about Islam, the Quran, mosques or Egypt’s political figures. Statements like these can hurt the feelings of locals and, in the worst situation, get a person in trouble. Personal and financial questions It may feel too private to inquire about another person’s income, age or their marital status. At first, keep the topics general such as food, sports or sightseeing, until the person wants to talk about something else. Visible tattoos and piercings When symbols or messages on a tattoo attract notice, many conservative people or those in faith might consider them negative. As tattoos become more common among young Egyptians, it’s still best to cover them when you attend formal or traditional occasions. Final thoughts Cultural taboos exist in different forms depending on a person’s region, class and contact with the outside world. Younger, well-off Egyptians in cities are often more open-minded, but rural or more traditional generations are more likely to think conservatively. Noticing and being respectful of these differences will allow you to build greater connections and make sure there are no misunderstandings while in Egypt.

Although ancient Egypt—whose people referred to their land as Kemet, meaning "the Black Land" in reference to the fertile Nile soil contrasting with the surrounding desert (Deshret, "the Red Land")—was a highly advanced civilization, some abilities were still extremely uncommon there. Glassworking is one of the rare and valuable crafts in these ancient traditions. Glassworking: A rare and specialized art Though some glass was made, making glass in ancient Egypt was usually reserved for elite workshops and was believed to be a rare and specialized craft. Glass never replaced more utilitarian materials like pottery or stoneware, and remained a luxury medium reserved for elite objects and ornamentation. As a result, it was mostly used to create small delicate things like beads, amulets, inlays and containers for make-up. The difficulty stemmed from the complex technology and a lack of proper materials. High temperatures of up to 1,000°C were needed, and consistent heat control was difficult with ancient furnace technology. Only trained artisans with elite patronage had access to these facilities. Glass workshops discovered at Amarna confirm that, under royal patronage, glass artisans were rare and usually worked near those in power. Because their products were so refined, they were sometimes included in the graves of the elite, indicating how rare these glass artisans were. Why rare skills emerged in Kemet Being able to do glasswork was possible in ancient Egypt thanks to its unique environment. The predictability of the Nile’s flooding provided agricultural stability, which allowed specialization in non-agricultural crafts—though political and external threats still existed. Copper and bronze tools, sourced from the Sinai and other regions, were used extensively in ancient Egypt before iron became common during the Late Period. Their strong technology, coupled with their natural security, made Egypt prosperous for many generations—in fact, this was great for fostering unusual and valuable craftwork. A culture built to preserve Preserving cultural values was a main priority for the society of Kemet. In contrast to cultures where funerary practices involved cremation or simpler grave goods, Egyptians emphasized bodily preservation and monumental construction as a path to the afterlife. They brought this attitude to their buildings, artworks and writings. Making use of papyrus from the Nile Delta, literacy grew, so texts and inscriptions were found on monuments, tombs and walls that continue to exist. Conclusion Although ancient Egypt was adept at many disciplines, glassworking was a specialty that very few people possessed. A combination of technical knowledge, creativity and access to unique materials and tools meant that this was a skill only a few performed. Because of Egypt’s special environment and culture, they left behind wonderful artifacts that continue to amaze historians today.

Cairo is unquestionably the most important city in Egypt, but if you want something else, it could be different. Many people highlight Cairo’s background, traditions, population and future opportunities, but it is not free from problems. The heart of Egypt The Egyptian capital of Cairo is one of the most populous cities in Africa and the Middle East, and ranks among the top 20 largest metropolitan areas in the world. In Cairo, you can see historic sites, modern buildings, and everything in between. The Fatimid dynasty made Cairo their center in 969 CE and because it was built on territory that once hosted many ancient cities, it is home to thousands of years of history. A city of contrasts There are many contradictions to be found in Cairo. Areas including Al-Muizz Street have plenty of medieval buildings and religious heritage, particularly Al-Azhar Mosque and Sultan Barquq Complex. The UN has declared this street to be home to the largest collection of Islamic medieval monuments anywhere in the world. Similarly, Cairo today is filled with main markets such as Khan al-Khalili, big shopping malls, luxury restaurants and comfortable cafés by the Nile. A number of hotels and homes offer views out to the Pyramids of Giza. Multicultural and multi-faith Cairo is very important to Coptic Christians. The Coptic Museum and the Hanging Church are just a couple of the major Christian places you can find in Old Cairo. Every part of Cairo reflects the cultural blend found there. Life in Cairo: Pros and cons A good thing about Cairo is that you can see examples of all kinds of monuments, since cities like Luxor mostly highlight ancient Egypt. The city is famous for lively arts and culture, countless schools and universities and many jobs. Still, Cairo is crowded, noisy, congested with traffic and has air pollution and urban stress. Maadi offers a greener, more residential environment with many expatriates, while Shobra reflects a dense, authentic Egyptian urban experience. Conclusion Is Cairo considered the best city in Egypt? If you want to explore history, religion, art and current life all in one place, Cairo is the place for you. Luxor, Aswan and Alexandria are good choices if you want quiet and space. Cairo isn’t ideal—and yet, many consider it the home they can’t find elsewhere.

A lot of people get confused by this question. It can be said factually that Egyptian culture arose earlier, since written history and civilization began in Egypt earlier than in China. Nonetheless, there’s even more to know. Ancient Egypt vs.ancient China: The timeline Egyptian civilization began around 3000 BCE, after a union of Upper and Lower Egypt brought in the first dynastic rulers. Hieroglyphs and other types of writing were created in Egypt at that period. Even before Egypt, Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed the first writing systems like cuneiform in 3400 BCE. Almost 3,700 years ago, the Shang Dynasty was the first Chinese dynasty that we know about. In the later Shang period which falls around 1200 BCE, oracle bone script was invented. When we look at early history, Egypt is generally considered to have developed state-level civilization—including writing and centralized rule—around 1400 years before the emergence of the Shang Dynasty in China. China’s unique contribution: Continuity People often admire Chinese culture for staying constant through the years, even though Egypt’s society began earlier. Egyptian culture underwent significant transformations due to successive Greek, Roman, and Islamic influences, which layered new traditions over older practices. Throughout all the invasions and dynasty changes, the Chinese language, beliefs and routines remained and were transformed instead of being lost. For this reason, China is widely referred to as the oldest civilization without interruption. Cultural identity and claims Many people assume that Chinese people believe their civilization dates further back than Egypt’s—this simply isn’t true. As part of their studies, Chinese students find out about the Four Ancient Civilizations: Babylon, Egypt, India and China. Of all that we can study, Ancient Babylon is the earliest one. Yet, the Chinese are proud of having maintained their history unbroken, since many age-old civilizations have either stopped existing or changed greatly. People feel pride because of how language, literature, philosophy and society have managed to survive over many years. In conclusion Egyptian culture dates back further, but Chinese culture has developed without interruption for a very long time. Both cultures are significant and play different roles in the history of humanity—one was early and one has lasted a great deal longer.

Even though people often admire Egypt’s pyramids, rulers and religious gods, many of the country’s traditions seem strange by today’s standards. Let’s look at some of the most unusual and engaging ones. Ceremonial Masturbation into the Nile River One of the strangest traditions involved pharaohs ceremonially masturbating into the Nile River. This wasn’t simply a crazy activity, but an important note in religious rituals. In the writings of the Egyptians, Atum brought the world into being by stimulating himself sexually. It was widely believed that Atum's ejaculation caused the Nile’s waters to provide life. Therefore, in their rituals, pharaohs often mimicked the creator’s action to show that the land would be fertile and the river’s waters would not dry up. Reversed gender roles in labor History records that according to Herodotus, Egyptians had cultural differences from other ancient peoples. While men spent their days at the loom in the home, women were seen in the marketplace and business world—something that was rare for their role in ancient history. Egyptians also wove fabric downward, unlike other cultures where fabric was woven upward and Herodotus noted this as just another way their culture stood out from others. Public vs. private behavior In a different aspect of their culture, the Egyptians have meals outdoors but deal with private bodily needs inside. Their reasoning? Since eating is so clean, we ought to do it where others can see. Everyday actions like eating and drinking were done in public, while private bodily functions were handled inside the home. Disregard for the brain The practice of mummification involved grabbing the brain with a hooked probe and tossing it away. Ancient Egyptians believed that the heart was the center of thought and emotion, not the brain. Because of this, the brain was not seen as valuable in the afterlife and was thrown away like general waste. Extreme cleanliness and ritual purity Being clean was very important to the priests. Every other day, they shaved their whole bodies to keep lice and dirt away, washed themselves four times each day and put on only linen clothes and papyrus sandals. Religious purity was so important that Egyptian priests avoided foods like beans and fish, which were considered impure. Even if these actions seem strange or odd today, they were important to the people of ancient Egypt to support cosmic balance, keep the environment clean and receive the gods’ approval.

As a religious minority in a Muslim-majority nation, Coptic Christians often navigate societal pressures and challenges. While officially recognized and able to practice their faith, they sometimes encounter subtle discrimination or restrictions in public life. The history and life on a daily basis of Copts in Egypt is overcome with a protracted yearning for survival, dignity, and freedom of religion in a society in which they are religious members of a minority. Historical background: Centuries of challenges The origins of the oppression of Copts can be traced back to the Arab invasion of Egypt in the 7th century. In the first period of Arab rule, initially, things appeared to be in control for Coptic Christians. Though the situation changed when the Caliph Omar came to power – restrictions tightened up. Copts had to pay more taxes than Muslims, were limited to build or repair churches and could only take up specific kinds of jobs because of their status of “dhimmis” (non-Muslim subjects of Islamic rule). From this time on, there was an exponential decrease in the Coptic share of the population, resulting in a Muslim majority in Egypt. Over the years, many Copts either converted or left and only those who were really committed remained firm in their religious belief. This situation continued for centuries with spates of relative calm interspersed by continuity of social and political restraints. Under British colonial rule, things improved a little, but total equality was never attained. Egyptians of any religion desired the right of self-governance, though Copts still had systemic issues to deal with. Modern history: From Nasser to Mubarak The mid-20th century brought some shifts. The government under the Presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser contained the Muslim Brotherhood– an Islamist organisation, thus, controlling anti-Coptic violence up to a certain level.Under President Anwar Sadat, the Muslim Brotherhood was allowed to reemerge in limited public discourse, which coincided with rising Islamist sentiment and some increase in sectarian tension. During Hosni Mubarak’s rule, religious extremism and violence attacks on the Coptic communities continued to rise. Nevertheless, a lot of Copts managed to suffer in silence, waiting for the better times. The 2011 revolution and its aftermath The Egyptian Revolution, 2011, had raised challenges for a secular and egalitarian Egypt. Some of the Copts were convinced that democratic elections would stop their oppression. But the election of an Islamist and a member of the Muslim brotherhood, Mohamed Morsi, smashed these hopes. During Mohamed Morsi’s presidency, concerns were raised within the Coptic community regarding representation and protection of minority rights, especially as the 2012 constitution was perceived as favoring Islamic principles. Morsi’s subsequent overthrow by the military led to violent reactions. Islamist mobs accused Copts of having a hand in his ousting and set afire more than dozens of churches and ramped up hate campaigns on social media. The time was getting dangerously bad for Copts. Ongoing violence and fear Since the fall of Morsi terrorist attacks on the Copts have taken a steep rise. Churches and community centers have been a target of bombing and shootings resulting in hundreds of lives lost. The worst attack in 2017 was on Palm Sunday when suicide bombers killed 45 people in Tanta and Alexandria- including two of the author’s cousins. Narratives on violence and persecution are not scarce: Coptic old women have been dragged in the streets in an act of public humiliation while families live in constant fear. The emotional toll and faith The never-ending grief and violence take a toll on Coptic Christians of Egypt. Many are overwhelmed by the slow pace of social change and hostility that they experience. However, their faith helps them. The Coptic community finds hope in the belief in a God who sacrificed everything for them so as to have the courage to endure hardships and be able to get through tough times. Conclusion The state of being a Coptic Christian in Egypt is thus the combination of the status of resilience, the status of faith, and discreet hope. It is a life formed by centuries of historical struggles, a life which continues to struggle and faces moments of fear but also moments of relentless devotion. In the midst of discrimination, violence, and marginalization that Coptic Christians in Egypt have to endure, they are a valuable part of the country’s cultural and religious mosaic, and continue to cling to the identity and faith while the chips are down. In recent years, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has taken visible steps to support the Coptic community. He was the first Egyptian president to attend Christmas Mass, has promoted church construction and legalization, and spoken out publicly against sectarian violence. While challenges remain, these developments mark a shift in state-level efforts toward religious inclusion.